by Vaneta Rogers
While the most complex plans that comics readers have for tomorrow is to saunter into a local shop to check out Free Comic Book Day, the stores themselves have been planning for the event for months.
In an effort to share with readers how their comics are brought to market, Newsarama is beginning a new series of articles called
Retailing 101. Our goal is to explore the various requirements of running a comic book store, from the crap shoot of placing those monthly orders to the science of stocking enough pennies to get through a Wednesday.
This time, we're looking at Free Comic Book Day, what it takes behind the scenes to make it happen and exactly how a store participates.
The History
It was a retailer who first came up with the idea for FCBD. In 2001, Joe Field, owner of Flying Colors Comics in Concord, Calif., wrote a column for Comics & Games Retailer magazine proposing a day where free comics could be handed out. Since the largest distributor of comic books is Diamond Comic Distributors, their participation in such an event was vital, and Field knew that if his proposal had any chance of happening, he had to get the company involved.
"I knew the only way to get it done and make it happen was to have Diamond coordinate and facilitate it, so in the same issue where my column was published, I was also able to get an official response from Diamond, and they said they loved the idea," Field told Newsarama.
After several planning meetings that included representatives of major publishers, upper management from Diamond, and Field himself, the first Free Comic Book Day was born and took place in May 2002.
"It was actually Jim Valentino, who was the publisher at Image at the time, who suggested that we put it near the opening of the first Spider-Man movie," Field said.
The committee now includes a variety of retailers and publishers who work in conjunction with Diamond to make Free Comic Book Day come together every year. "There's a Free Comic Book Day coordinator at Diamond named Elissa Lynch, and that's pretty much her full-time job," said Field, who still works as part of the FCBD committe and is currently president of the comics retailing trade organization ComicsPRO.
According to Field, the event gets bigger every year and is now reaching a surprising amount of readers. It's estimated that approximately 500,000 people attended FCBD last year, and this year, the event will take place in nearly 2,000 comic book stores in 38 countries, with almost 2.2 million comics available to give away.
Placing Orders
Now that the history lesson is done, let's take a look at what it takes for the person behind the counter at your local shop to participate in FCBD.
As most fans know, retailers order comic books approximately two months before their release date, although shop owners are sometimes able to adjust their order numbers on major titles up until a few weeks before the comics come out.
Comics for FCBD are offered by Diamond to retailers as part of their February orders. After orders are placed on the deadline for that month, the numbers for those comics can be adjusted up (but not down), as long as the comics are still available. The comics then arrive with the stores' regular shipments before FCBD, usually delivered in boxes via UPS.
Some shops who spoke to Newsarama said that they continue to adjust the quantity of their FCBD comics as the date draws near, based on variables like what promotions are scheduled to occur, how certain comic books are selling, and general buzz they hear about the comics being given away. For example, one shop told us they adjusted their numbers up for the FCBD edition of Tiny Titans based on how well the regular-priced issues of that comic book were selling in the store.
The Cost
While many readers believe the comics for FCBD are given to the shops for free, retailers actually have to pay for them, although at a greatly reduced cost.
For example, this year, the
All-Star Superman #1 comic that is being offered for FCBD has a cost of $ .25. The FCBD edition of
X-Men is $ .20, while
Owly and Friends is $ .37. (For comparison purposes, the normal retailer cost of a regular comic book averages around $1.50.) Retailers also pay freight on their FCBD shipments, just as they do with all their comics shipments from Diamond, so the materials they hand out are not free. And when you consider many shops hand out thousands of comics on FCBD, even comics that only cost them a quarter can add up.
Why the charge? According to Field, publishers often work with creators and printers to get FCBD comics produced at- or below-cost, but there is still a significant cost involved. Some of that cost has to be passed along to other participants to make FCBD work. Field said Diamond also adds a couple cents to the comics to offset all the marketing and distribution expenses. The theory is that the loss taken by the entities behind FCBD should be shared by everyone participating, and that includes the retailers.
Because of the cost, stores have to limit the number of comics they purchase for the event, although they obviously want enough that everyone gets free comics when they visit the store on that day. The retailers to whom we spoke said they place orders based on how many comics were given away the year before, adjusting up or down according to what kind of promotions they are planning for the day this year.
What surprises some comic book readers is that many stores limit how many free comics can be taken by each person who visits the store on FCBD. But store owners said they are just trying to ensure everyone gets free comics.
"You definitely want to make sure you have enough product for everybody. You want it to go around all day, so you have to make it fair," said Jason Faught, manager at the Laughing Ogre, one of the comic book retailers who spoke to Newsarama about preparations for FCBD.
Many stores also offer comics that may have been left over from the year before, placing lighter limitations on how many of those comics can be taken.
Promoting the Event
The key to the promotional success of Free Comic Book Day rests on the shoulders of the retailers, because people will only come to the store to get free comics if they
know about it.
Diamond offers materials to stores to utilize as they promote the event, including sample press releases and giveaways. This year, promotional items like shelf-talkers, bookmarks, buttons and even FCBD lollipops were offered to retailers for purchase on their Diamond order forms.

Stores that are members of the ComicsPRO retail organization have an additional way to promote FCBD. Each year, ComicsPRO sends out hundreds of press releases that target the local media outlets of their members. All a store owner has to do is contact ComicsPRO and share any media contacts for the local market, although the organization will also do market research for those stores who don't have media lists.
"We did over 600 press releases this year, across the country," said Amanda Fisher, owner of Muse Comics in Missoula, Mont., and communication coordinator for ComicsPRO. "The media just pays a little more attention if the press releases come from a national organization. We still encourage local stores to send out their own press releases with details about their specific promotion, but we can target media in a market and list participating shops, and that calls a little more attention to this being a news story worth covering."
Sometimes the press releases result in something like a listing in a community calendar. Other times, they'll result in a full report on a TV station or in a newspaper.
"I just had a reporter come by and do a full interview this morning, and a photographer came and took pictures," said Jason Pierce, owner of Alter Ego Comics in Muncie, Ind. "They're doing a full story in the newspaper on Friday. So it looks like my press release worked."
Some retailers also promote FCBD through local schools, libraries and businesses, often by donating items or money as part of the event. Faught said the Laughing Ogre, for example, is joining with other comic book shops in their area to raise money for the Make-A-Wish Foundation, in honor of a school crossing guard who was killed saving the life of a second grader. The shop is also donating graphic novels to school libraries in her name, based on kids signing their schools up for the program in the store on FCBD.
Retailers said other promotions tie into either current events, upcoming movies or the comics being offered that year for FCBD.
"I tried to talk about the bigger picture of comics during my interview," Pierce said of the visit by a local reporter to his shop earlier this week. "I tied it into the Iron Man movie, and I talked about other movies that have been based on comics books that a lot of people don't know were originally comics."

Matthew Price, owner of Speeding Bullet Comics in Norman, Okla., and the comics-themed deli next door, Ricochet Cafe, said he tries to do something different each year to get exposure in the media and get fans excited about the event.
"We try to give it an interesting twist," Price said "Like when Whiteout was in Free Comic Book Day, we gave away snow cones. Or I think one year, it was the 40th anniversary of Reed and Sue's wedding, so on Free Comic Book Day, we made a wedding cake and gave it away to everybody. We always try to do something creative to get a news hook and then send out press releases and promote it in our mailing list."
"For us it's about trying to make it as big of a party as we can," Field said. "This year, it's our 20th anniversary, so we have published our own comic book that we'll be giving away on Free Comic Book Day at Flying Colors. It has local talent in it and a history of the story over the last 20 years, and we'll have some of the artists from that book signing here. And we also have a chef who's making some special treats for the event that will be given to people in line."
A lot of shops have creator signings at their stores on FCBD. In fact, the Free Comic Book Day organization keeps
a list on their website of the huge number creators who are making special appearances for the event.
Celebration
On the day of FCBD, store owners said they try to make the event as fun as possible while keeping the focus on the event's original intention: To put an actual comic book in someone's hands.
"Reading comics should be a positive experience," Pierce said. "I try to always share my enthusiasm for comics every day at my store, and on Free Comic Book Day, we try to make it even more of an event."
Costumes, door prizes, face paintings, creator signings, games, giveaways -- stores personalize the event to make it their own and give their customers, as well as newcomers, a day to remember. All of this requires special staffing for the day of the event, and sometimes for the days preceding FCBD, but stores can make the day as big or small as their budget and time will allow.
"One of the great things about Free Comic Book Day is that each retailer can customize the event for their own market," Field said.
Retailers told us that includes customizing, to some degree, the purpose of FCBD. The official reason for FCBD, according to all press materials, is to "bring new readers, former readers and current readers into comic book specialty stores." But retailers can specialize the purpose of their events as they see fit.
"For us, it's a community outreach event," Faught said. "It's for the kids, and it's to bring new faces into the store. Sometimes we get a former reader to pick something up from the shelf because we spark that interest again, but that's not what it's all about. At our store, it's really about reaching out to the community and showing them what comics are all about, especially the kids."
According to shop owners, the investment they make in FCBD and the return on that money could be traced in dollar figures, but that's not the focus of the event.
"I think it's just kind of a comic book holiday, to some degree," Price said. "We make some money that day, obviously, but we're paying for the books to give them away for free. So it's more of an opportunity to showcase what the medium does and what our store does, and not to necessarily make money on that day. I think it's good, if nothing else, one weekend a year to get people thinking about comic books. It gives you the opportunity to show people what comic books can offer, and talk to people about it in a way that's fairly non-threatening, because they're getting something for free. So it gives us an opportunity to share what our medium can do in a way that makes people smile, because we're just giving it to you."
Special thanks to Jason Faught of the Laughing Ogre for sharing pictures for this article.
If you have a question about retailing that you would like answered in Newsarama's Retailing 101 series, post it below for consideration for future articles.